翡翠开采的艰险

翡翠开采的艰险

Emerald Mining dangerous

     缅甸的翡翠矿位于西北部的雾露河流域，当地人叫“乌龙河”。清代时这里还属于中国的版图 , 现在这里属于缅甸密支那地区 。由缅甸第二大城市瓦城沿铁路北上，到孟拱下火车西行一百公里左右，就到达位于野人区内，雾露河畔著名的翡翠产地帕敢（见右图）。帕敢常住人口八万左右，流动人口却有十八万之多，其中华人占多数，另有缅甸人、泰国人、巴基斯坦人、印度人等，都是为翡翠贸易而来。帕敢的交通仍不太方便，公路路况很坏，当地的自然环境湿热多蚊，生活条件十分艰苦。

　　据网上资料了解到，当地的翡翠开采依然十分原始。那时完全靠人工开采，采玉人腰上系着绳子，嘴里咬着塑料管，腰上坠着石头跳入水里，靠手摸脚踩，找到一些翠料，用竹编的笸箩抱上岸来，当遇水深时采玉人需潜入水中，其呼吸仅靠嘴里一根塑料管维系，一天下来采不到什么东西，还常常有溺水丧命的情况。即使到了1995年也是如此。而在96年之后，开采翡翠的矿主们把河水截住、抽空、然后使用几台大型挖掘机，把河底掏个底朝天。最近几年更开始使用大量的炸药，将整个矿脉炸开，提高了开采的机械化，可以想象乌龙河的自然资源已经破坏。

    Myanmar jade mines in the northwest fog River, the local people called "embarrassing River." Here also, the Qing Dynasty of China's territory, are now here Myitkyina in Myanmar. Watts by Myanmar's second largest city, the city north along the railway, under the Arch Meng westbound train about 100 kilometers, Savage arrived at the district, fog bank of the famous emerald PHARKANT origin (see right). Dare Pago resident population about 80,000, the number of mobile population of 180,000, which accounted for the majority of Chinese, and Burmese, Thais, Pakistanis, Indians, are from the jade trade. Pago traffic still dare not convenient, very bad road traffic, local mosquito and more hot and humid environment, living conditions very difficult.

     According to various online information, the local emerald mining is still very primitive. Then we completely rely on artificial mining, jade of people across the rope, mouth subconsciously plastic pipe, falling below a stone into the water, stepped on hand touch, find some Chui expected, with the basket woven baskets to hold the shore, when encountered at depths of jade would have to sneak into the water, its mouth breathing alone maintain a plastic pipe, mining day down less than what they also often have died of drowning. Even in the 1995 as well. At 96, the miners were mining Jade stopped the river, time and use several large excavator to get the riverbed at the end of the air. Recent years have started to use a lot of explosives, the entire mining instant, the mechanized mining of the imagination Oolong River have destroyed the natural resources.